Swarf refers to the metal chips or debris produced during machining. Swarf settling is the ability of the metalworking fluid to allow these particles to settle at the bottom of the sump or container, preventing them from circulating and causing wear or blockages in the system.

Tramp oil refers to unwanted oil that contaminates the metalworking fluid, often from machinery leaks or hydraulic systems. Repelling tramp oil is important because its presence can reduce the fluid's effectiveness, lead to bacterial growth, and cause issues like skin irritation for operators.

Stability under turbulent conditions ensures that the metalworking fluid remains effective and does not foam or split, even when subjected to high flow rates or stirring. This ensures consistent lubrication, cooling, and protection against wear.

Preventing bacterial growth in the sump is crucial because bacteria can degrade the fluid, leading to issues like unpleasant odors, reduced performance, and corrosion of tools and components.

Formaldehyde is a compound that can pose health risks to operators and the environment. Its absence in a metalworking fluid ensures a safer working environment and reduces potential regulatory concerns.

An oily grinding fluid provides effective lubrication during grinding operations, reducing friction and heat generation. This ensures smoother finishes on machined parts and extended tool life.

A synthetic coolant is a type of metalworking fluid that is artificially produced and does not contain oils derived from refining crude oil. It is used for cooling and lubrication during metalworking operations.